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Item EVALUATION OF THE SYNTHESIZED NOVEL IRIDIUM (III) COMPLEXES AGAINST HELA CELL LINES THROUGH IN-SILICO, IN-VITRO AND DNA NICKING(Asian Pacific Organization for Cancer Prevention, 2021-02) Priyadarshini, G. Sathya; Muthusankar, Aathi; Subramani, Ramesh; Gopal, Selvi; Department of Chemistry; Department of Food Processing Technology and Management; Priyadarshini, G. Sathya; Subramani, Ramesh; Gopal, SelviGlobally, the pharmaceutical industry is continuously driven in search of new anticancer drugs due to increasing rate of cancer patients. Clinical trials of Cisplatin has been explored, however, usage of Cisplatin as a drug is limited due to its various side effects, hence, alternative to platinum based complex drugs and its analogues are needed. Iridium complexes have been attracted widespread interests by virtue of their pharmacological and photo-physical properties; however the less number of complexes was reported in the literature. In this article, a new series of novel Iridium (III) complexes were synthesized using substituted quinoline Schiff Base (SB) ligands and characterized by spectroscopic techniques. The in- vitro cyto-toxicity assay showed that the Iridium (III) complex activity is equal to standard Cisplatin. In addition, computational docking studies have shown that the prominent binding sites for synthesized complexes against HeLa cell lines, which is comparable with standard Cisplatin drugs and other Ruthenium complexes.Item IN VITRO ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF HIBISCUS ROSA-SINENSIS FLOWER EXTRACT AGAINST HUMAN PATHOGENS(Asian Pacific Tropical Biomedicine Press, 2012) Ruban P; Gajalakshmi K; Department of Biotechnology; Gajalakshmi KTo access the in vitro antibacterial activity of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (H. rosa- sinensis)flower extract against human pathogens. Methods: Antibacterial activity was evaluated by using disc and agar diffusion methods. The protein was run through poly acrylmide gel electrophoresis to view their protein profile. Results: The results showed that the cold extraction illustrates a maximum zone of inhibition against Bacillus subtillis (B. subtillis), Escherichia coli (E. coli) viz., (17.00 ± 2.91), (14.50 ± 1.71) mm, followed by hot extraction against, E. coli, Salmonella sp. as (11.66 ± 3.14), (10.60 ± 3.09) mm. In methanol extraction showed a highest zone of inhibition recorded against B. subtillis, E. coli as (18.86 ± 0.18), (18.00 ± 1.63) mm pursued by ethanol extraction showed utmost zone of inhibition recorded against Salmonella sp. at (20.40 ± 1.54) mm. The crude protein from flower showed a maximum inhibitory zone observed against Salmonella sp., E. coli viz., (16.55 ± 1.16), (14.30 ± 2.86) mm. The flower material can be taken as an alternative source of antibacterial agent against the human pathogens. Conclusions: The extracts of the H. rosasinensis are proved to have potential antibacterial activity, further studies are highly need for thedrug development.Item ACTIVATED CARBON FROM INDUSTRIAL SOLID WASTE AS AN ADSORBENT FOR THE REMOVAL OF RHODAMINE-B FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTION: KINETIC AND EQUILIBRIUM STUDIES(2005) Kadirvelu K; Karthika C; Vennilamani N; Pattabhi S; Department of Chemistry; Karthika C; Vennilamani NThe activated carbon was prepared using industrial solid waste called sago waste and physico-chemical properties of carbon were carried out to explore adsorption process. The effectiveness of carbon prepared from sago waste in adsorbing Rhodamine-B from aqueous solution has been studied as a function of agitation time, adsorbent dosage, initial dye concentration, pH and desorption. Adsorption equilibrium studies were carried out in order to optimize the experimental conditions. The adsorption of Rhodamine-B onto carbon followed second order kinetic model. Adsorption data were modeled using both Langmuir and Freundlich classical adsorption isotherms. The adsorption capacity Q0 was 16.12 mg g−1 at initial pH 5.7 for the particle size 125–250 μm. The equilibrium time was found to be 150 min for 10, 20 mg l−1 and 210 min for 30, 40 mg l−1 dye concentrations, respectively. A maximum removal of 91% was obtained at natural pH 5.7 for an adsorbent dose of 100 mg/50 ml of 10 mg l−1 dye concentration and 100% removal was obtained when the pH was increased to 7 for an adsorbent dose of 275 mg/50 ml of 20 mg l−1 dye concentration. Desorption studies were carried out in water medium by varying the pH from 2 to 10. Desorption studies were performed with dilute HCl and show that ion exchange is predominant dye adsorption mechanism. This adsorbent was found to be both effective and economically viable.Item UTILIZATION OF VARIOUS AGRICULTURAL WASTES FOR ACTIVATED CARBON PREPARATION AND APPLICATION FOR THE REMOVAL OF DYES AND METAL IONS FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS(Elsevier, 2003) Kadirvelu K; Kavipriya M; Karthika C; Radhika M; Vennilamani N; Pattabhi S; Department of Chemistry; Karthika CActivated carbons were prepared from the agricultural solid wastes, silk cotton hull, coconut tree sawdust, sago waste, maize cob and banana pith and used to eliminate heavy metals and dyes from aqueous solution. Adsorption of all dyes and metal ions required a very short time and gave quantitative removal. Experimental results show all carbons were effective for the removal of pollutants from water. Since all agricultural solid wastes used in this investigation are freely, abundantly and locally available, the resulting carbons are expected to be economically viable for wastewater treatment.Item PROPOLIS: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW ON THE NATURE'S POLYPHENOLIC WONDER(Elsevier B.V, 2025-06) Arun Kumar Balasubramaniam; Ashmitha Elangovan; Maheen Abdul Rahman; Subhendu Nayak; Durga Swain; Harathi Parasur Babu; Aarthi Narasimhan; Vikramdeep Monga; Department of Zoology; Harathi Parasur Babu; Ashmitha ElangovanPropolis, a resinous substance produced by honeybees, has been utilized in traditional medicine for centuries due to its diverse biological activities. This review explores the phytochemical composition, therapeutic applications, and potential health benefits of propolis. Comprising a complex mixture of resins, waxes, essential oils, and pollen, propolis exhibits significant antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and anticancer properties. The phytochemical content of propolis varies with its botanical and geographical origins, influencing its bioactivity. Propolis has shown promise in wound healing, oral health, cardiovascular protection, neuroprotection, hepatoprotection, and gastrointestinal health. Despite its therapeutic potential, challenges such as standardization, quality control, and regulatory issues need to be addressed. Future research should focus on elucidating the mechanisms of action, optimizing extraction methods, and conducting extensive clinical trials to validate its efficacy and safety. Sustainable production and conservation efforts are essential to ensure the continuous supply of high- quality propolis. This review highlights the need for interdisciplinary research to fully harness the potential of propolis in modern medicine.Item FDA-APPROVED CHIMERIC ANTIGEN RECEPTOR (CAR)-T CELL THERAPY FOR DIFFERENT CANCERS-A RECENT PERSPECTIVE(Springer Nature, 2025) R. Thirumalaisamy; S. Vasuki; S. M. Sindhu; T. M. Mothilal; V. Srimathi; Department of Biotechnology; S. M. SindhuCancer is one of the most prevalent diseases in the world, and their rate of occurence has been increased in recent decades. Current review article, summarizes the novel treatment options Chimeric Antigen Receptor-T (CAR-T) cell therapy for various cancers constitute a major health and development challenge, impacting every aspect of sustainable development quoted by goal 3 good health and well-being of UN sustainable goals. WHO estimates that 70% of cancer deaths occur in low- and middle- income countries (LMICs) by 2030, LMICs are expected to bear the brunt of the expected 24.1 million new cancer cases per year. This current review article focuses and discussed about CAR-T cell therapy for various cancers against most prevalent non-communicable disease cancer disease stipulated by WHO and UN sustainable goals. Three literature databases Google scholar, Science Direct, PubMed was utilized to search and collect CAR-T cell treatment options for different cancers published articles sources in between January 2000 and December 2023. There were a total of 18,700 papers found, with 48 of them being found to be eligible focusing various cancer treatment by CAR-T cells utilized for the study. Based on the information gathered, CAR-T cell therapy treating different cancers and their merit and its advantages in heal and improve certain cancers was also discussed in this review article with their detailed molecular mechanisms. This article also gives an insight to utilize CAR-T cell treatment protocols for rejuvenating cancer patient from such ruthless cancer disease condition thereby improving life span of cancer patients and eradication of disease in some cases.Item DECIPHERING THE IMPORTANCE OF NANOENCAPSULATION TO IMPROVE THE AVAILABILITY OF BIOACTIVE MOLECULES IN FOOD SOURCES TO THE HUMAN BODY(Elsevier Ltd, 2025-02) Arivalagan Pugazhendhi; Mohammed Ali Alshehri; Sabariswaran Kandasamy; Prakash Kumar Sarangi; Ashutosh Sharma; Department of Biotechnology; Sabariswaran KandasamyVarious bodily functions are maintained, and health benefits are provided by food-derived bioactive components. Fruits and vegetables contain numerous beneficial components, including vitamins, minerals, antioxidants, enzymes, and phytonutrients. However, the body's ability to absorb these substances at a given rate and degree frequently limits their bioavailability. If food-derived bio actives are used as therapeutic or dietary interventions, this limitation can result in low efficacy and suboptimal results. Recently, nanotechnology has been a useful method for increasing the bioavailability of bioactive compounds produced from food. Active ingredients can be delivered and absorbed more efficiently with the help of nanotechnology. By altering their size or surface properties, bioactive components can be made more soluble, permeable, and bioavailable through nanotechnology. The present review will provide an overview of the various bioactive components, the application of nanotechnology to improve the availability of bioactive molecules to humans and animals, and the challenges and safety concerns associated with nanotechnology in the production of food-derived bioactive molecules.Item NOVEL THERAPEUTIC APPROACHES TARGETING CANCER STEM CELLS: UNVEILING NEW FRONTIERS IN BREAST CANCER TREATMENT(Elsevier GmbH, 2025) Deeptha T C; Nabeela N K; Charumathi Pushparaj; Arul Narayanasamy; Paulpandi Manickam; Saranya Thiruvenkataswamy; Ramya Sennimalai; Charumathi PushparajBreast cancer remains the leading cause of mortality among women with cancer. This article delves into the intricate relationship between breast cancer and cancer stem cells (CSCs), emphasizing advanced methods for their identification and isolation. The key isolation techniques, such as the mammosphere formation assay, surface marker identification, Side Population assay, and Aldehyde Dehydrogenase assay, are critically examined. Furthermore, the review analyzes CSC-specific molecular signaling pathways, focusing on actionable targets like CD44/CD24, Nanog, and Oct4. The potential of targeted therapies and small molecules that disrupt these pathways is explored. Additionally, the review highlights immunotherapy strategies against CSCs, focusing on resistance mechanisms and the critical role of precision medicine. The study investigates how precision medicine enhances therapeutic outcomes by targeting specific CSC biomarkers. This comprehensive analysis offers insights into recent advancements and emerging strategies in breast cancer treatment, pointing toward future therapeutic innovations.Item EFFECTIVELY CONTROLLING NIR EMISSIVE PROPERTY AND THE ESIPT BEHAVIOR OF MODIFIED STYRYL DYES BY ATOMIC SUBSTITUENT: DFT/TD-DFT APPROACH(Springer Nature., 2025) Shilpa Taneja; Selva Kumar Ramasamy; Bhawna Pareek; Geetha Venkatesan; Govindasami Periyasami; Dineshkumar Sengottuvelu; Department of Chemistry; Geetha VenkatesanRecent literature on biosensing and bioimaging has explored excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) cyanide dyes. These classes of fluorescence dyes generally use the classical pyridinium or indolium cations acceptor units' styrene with the ESIPT core. This work studied the photophysical and ESIPT kinetics of novel flavylium cation as an acceptor unit styrene with an ESIPT core using DFT/TD-DFT calculations. Two new ESIPT cyanine dyes, namely (E)-4-(3-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-2-hydroxystyryl)-7-(dimethylamino)-2-phenyl chromenylium (PSS) and (E)-4-(3-(benzo[d]oxazol-2-yl)-2-hydroxystyryl)-7-(dimethylamino)-2-phenylchromenylium (PSO) were designed and fully studies. This is concerned with studying changes in intramolecular hydrogen bonds, molecular orbitals at the frontier of the ESIPT process, absorption and fluorescence spectra, and excited state energy barriers. As a result, both the systems considered here can undergo an ultrafast ESIPT reaction with PSS and then PSO. Furthermore, ESIPT is more accessible in the normal enol-form first excited singlet (S1) state, with shorter hydrogen bonds. The intersystem crossing between the S1 state and the triplet (T1) state greatly influences the fluorescence efficiency of PSO and PSS. The potential energy curve and transition state energy profiles of PSS and PSO show that ultrafast ESIPT occurs in the state. Furthermore, the PSS shows less energy barriers, which leads to faster proton transfer than PSO. The current study will advance knowledge of the mechanism behind the ESIPT process and help enhance the qualities of the cyanine dye used in ESIPT.Item EXPLORING QUERCETIN BASED NANO FORMULATION IN COMBATING HUMAN METAPNEUMOVIRUS INFECTIONS(Elsevier B.V, 2025) Veluswamy Bhuvaneshwari; Ramasamy Amsaveni; Department of Biotechnology; Veluswamy BhuvaneshwariHuman Metapneumovirus (hMPV) is a significant respiratory pathogen, particularly affecting children, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals. Despite its clinical impact, there are currently no approved vaccines or specific antiviral treatments for hMPV, necessitating the exploration of novel therapeutic strategies. Quercetin, a naturally occurring flavonoid with well-documented antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiviral properties, has shown promising potential in combating hMPV infections. However, its poor bioavailability limits its therapeutic efficacy. Recent advancements in nanotechnology offer a solution through quercetin-based nanoformulations, which enhance its solubility, stability, and bioavailability, thereby improving its antiviral potency. Molecular docking studies have demonstrated strong interactions between quercetin and the hMPV matrix protein, suggesting its role in inhibiting viral replication. Additionally, quercetin modulates oxidative stress and inflammatory responses by suppressing key pathways such as NF-κB and IRF-3, reducing lung damage associated with hMPV infections. In vitro and in vivo studies indicate that quercetin-loaded nanoparticles effectively decrease viral titers and inflammatory markers. Given its natural origin, safety profile, and therapeutic potential, quercetin-based nanoformulations emerge as a promising candidate for hMPV treatment. Further clinical trials are required to validate their efficacy and optimize formulations for potential clinical application.