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Item EVALUATION OF THE SYNTHESIZED NOVEL IRIDIUM (III) COMPLEXES AGAINST HELA CELL LINES THROUGH IN-SILICO, IN-VITRO AND DNA NICKING(Asian Pacific Organization for Cancer Prevention, 2021-02) Priyadarshini, G. Sathya; Muthusankar, Aathi; Subramani, Ramesh; Gopal, Selvi; Department of Chemistry; Department of Food Processing Technology and Management; Priyadarshini, G. Sathya; Subramani, Ramesh; Gopal, SelviGlobally, the pharmaceutical industry is continuously driven in search of new anticancer drugs due to increasing rate of cancer patients. Clinical trials of Cisplatin has been explored, however, usage of Cisplatin as a drug is limited due to its various side effects, hence, alternative to platinum based complex drugs and its analogues are needed. Iridium complexes have been attracted widespread interests by virtue of their pharmacological and photo-physical properties; however the less number of complexes was reported in the literature. In this article, a new series of novel Iridium (III) complexes were synthesized using substituted quinoline Schiff Base (SB) ligands and characterized by spectroscopic techniques. The in- vitro cyto-toxicity assay showed that the Iridium (III) complex activity is equal to standard Cisplatin. In addition, computational docking studies have shown that the prominent binding sites for synthesized complexes against HeLa cell lines, which is comparable with standard Cisplatin drugs and other Ruthenium complexes.Item NOVEL THERAPEUTIC APPROACHES TARGETING CANCER STEM CELLS: UNVEILING NEW FRONTIERS IN BREAST CANCER TREATMENT(Elsevier, 2025) T C, Deeptha; N K, Nabeela; Charumathi Pushparaj; Arul Narayanasamy; Manickam Paulpandi; Saranya Thiruvenkataswamy; Ramya Sennimalai; Department of Zoology; Pushparaj, CharumathiBreast cancer remains the leading cause of mortality among women with cancer. This article delves into the intricate relationship between breast cancer and cancer stem cells (CSCs), emphasizing advanced methods for their identification and isolation. The key isolation techniques, such as the mammosphere formation assay, surface marker identification, Side Population assay, and Aldehyde Dehydrogenase assay, are critically examined. Furthermore, the review analyzes CSC-specific molecular signaling pathways, focusing on actionable targets like CD44/CD24, Nanog, and Oct4. The potential of targeted therapies and small molecules that disrupt these pathways is explored. Additionally, the review highlights immunotherapy strategies against CSCs, focusing on resistance mechanisms and the critical role of precision medicine. The study investigates how precision medicine enhances therapeutic outcomes by targeting specific CSC biomarkers. This comprehensive analysis offers insights into recent advancements and emerging strategies in breast cancer treatment, pointing toward future therapeutic innovations.Item PROPOLIS: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW ON THE NATURE'S POLYPHENOLIC WONDER(Elsevier B.V, 2025-06) Arun Kumar Balasubramaniam; Ashmitha Elangovan; Maheen Abdul Rahman; Subhendu Nayak; Durga Swain; Harathi Parasur Babu; Aarthi Narasimhan; Vikramdeep Monga; Department of Zoology; Harathi Parasur Babu; Ashmitha ElangovanPropolis, a resinous substance produced by honeybees, has been utilized in traditional medicine for centuries due to its diverse biological activities. This review explores the phytochemical composition, therapeutic applications, and potential health benefits of propolis. Comprising a complex mixture of resins, waxes, essential oils, and pollen, propolis exhibits significant antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and anticancer properties. The phytochemical content of propolis varies with its botanical and geographical origins, influencing its bioactivity. Propolis has shown promise in wound healing, oral health, cardiovascular protection, neuroprotection, hepatoprotection, and gastrointestinal health. Despite its therapeutic potential, challenges such as standardization, quality control, and regulatory issues need to be addressed. Future research should focus on elucidating the mechanisms of action, optimizing extraction methods, and conducting extensive clinical trials to validate its efficacy and safety. Sustainable production and conservation efforts are essential to ensure the continuous supply of high- quality propolis. This review highlights the need for interdisciplinary research to fully harness the potential of propolis in modern medicine.Item FDA-APPROVED CHIMERIC ANTIGEN RECEPTOR (CAR)-T CELL THERAPY FOR DIFFERENT CANCERS-A RECENT PERSPECTIVE(Springer Nature, 2025) R. Thirumalaisamy; S. Vasuki; S. M. Sindhu; T. M. Mothilal; V. Srimathi; Department of Biotechnology; S. M. SindhuCancer is one of the most prevalent diseases in the world, and their rate of occurence has been increased in recent decades. Current review article, summarizes the novel treatment options Chimeric Antigen Receptor-T (CAR-T) cell therapy for various cancers constitute a major health and development challenge, impacting every aspect of sustainable development quoted by goal 3 good health and well-being of UN sustainable goals. WHO estimates that 70% of cancer deaths occur in low- and middle- income countries (LMICs) by 2030, LMICs are expected to bear the brunt of the expected 24.1 million new cancer cases per year. This current review article focuses and discussed about CAR-T cell therapy for various cancers against most prevalent non-communicable disease cancer disease stipulated by WHO and UN sustainable goals. Three literature databases Google scholar, Science Direct, PubMed was utilized to search and collect CAR-T cell treatment options for different cancers published articles sources in between January 2000 and December 2023. There were a total of 18,700 papers found, with 48 of them being found to be eligible focusing various cancer treatment by CAR-T cells utilized for the study. Based on the information gathered, CAR-T cell therapy treating different cancers and their merit and its advantages in heal and improve certain cancers was also discussed in this review article with their detailed molecular mechanisms. This article also gives an insight to utilize CAR-T cell treatment protocols for rejuvenating cancer patient from such ruthless cancer disease condition thereby improving life span of cancer patients and eradication of disease in some cases.Item DECIPHERING THE IMPORTANCE OF NANOENCAPSULATION TO IMPROVE THE AVAILABILITY OF BIOACTIVE MOLECULES IN FOOD SOURCES TO THE HUMAN BODY(Elsevier Ltd, 2025-02) Arivalagan Pugazhendhi; Mohammed Ali Alshehri; Sabariswaran Kandasamy; Prakash Kumar Sarangi; Ashutosh Sharma; Department of Biotechnology; Sabariswaran KandasamyVarious bodily functions are maintained, and health benefits are provided by food-derived bioactive components. Fruits and vegetables contain numerous beneficial components, including vitamins, minerals, antioxidants, enzymes, and phytonutrients. However, the body's ability to absorb these substances at a given rate and degree frequently limits their bioavailability. If food-derived bio actives are used as therapeutic or dietary interventions, this limitation can result in low efficacy and suboptimal results. Recently, nanotechnology has been a useful method for increasing the bioavailability of bioactive compounds produced from food. Active ingredients can be delivered and absorbed more efficiently with the help of nanotechnology. By altering their size or surface properties, bioactive components can be made more soluble, permeable, and bioavailable through nanotechnology. The present review will provide an overview of the various bioactive components, the application of nanotechnology to improve the availability of bioactive molecules to humans and animals, and the challenges and safety concerns associated with nanotechnology in the production of food-derived bioactive molecules.Item NOVEL THERAPEUTIC APPROACHES TARGETING CANCER STEM CELLS: UNVEILING NEW FRONTIERS IN BREAST CANCER TREATMENT(Elsevier GmbH, 2025) Deeptha T C; Nabeela N K; Charumathi Pushparaj; Arul Narayanasamy; Paulpandi Manickam; Saranya Thiruvenkataswamy; Ramya Sennimalai; Charumathi PushparajBreast cancer remains the leading cause of mortality among women with cancer. This article delves into the intricate relationship between breast cancer and cancer stem cells (CSCs), emphasizing advanced methods for their identification and isolation. The key isolation techniques, such as the mammosphere formation assay, surface marker identification, Side Population assay, and Aldehyde Dehydrogenase assay, are critically examined. Furthermore, the review analyzes CSC-specific molecular signaling pathways, focusing on actionable targets like CD44/CD24, Nanog, and Oct4. The potential of targeted therapies and small molecules that disrupt these pathways is explored. Additionally, the review highlights immunotherapy strategies against CSCs, focusing on resistance mechanisms and the critical role of precision medicine. The study investigates how precision medicine enhances therapeutic outcomes by targeting specific CSC biomarkers. This comprehensive analysis offers insights into recent advancements and emerging strategies in breast cancer treatment, pointing toward future therapeutic innovations.Item EFFECTIVELY CONTROLLING NIR EMISSIVE PROPERTY AND THE ESIPT BEHAVIOR OF MODIFIED STYRYL DYES BY ATOMIC SUBSTITUENT: DFT/TD-DFT APPROACH(Springer Nature., 2025) Shilpa Taneja; Selva Kumar Ramasamy; Bhawna Pareek; Geetha Venkatesan; Govindasami Periyasami; Dineshkumar Sengottuvelu; Department of Chemistry; Geetha VenkatesanRecent literature on biosensing and bioimaging has explored excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) cyanide dyes. These classes of fluorescence dyes generally use the classical pyridinium or indolium cations acceptor units' styrene with the ESIPT core. This work studied the photophysical and ESIPT kinetics of novel flavylium cation as an acceptor unit styrene with an ESIPT core using DFT/TD-DFT calculations. Two new ESIPT cyanine dyes, namely (E)-4-(3-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-2-hydroxystyryl)-7-(dimethylamino)-2-phenyl chromenylium (PSS) and (E)-4-(3-(benzo[d]oxazol-2-yl)-2-hydroxystyryl)-7-(dimethylamino)-2-phenylchromenylium (PSO) were designed and fully studies. This is concerned with studying changes in intramolecular hydrogen bonds, molecular orbitals at the frontier of the ESIPT process, absorption and fluorescence spectra, and excited state energy barriers. As a result, both the systems considered here can undergo an ultrafast ESIPT reaction with PSS and then PSO. Furthermore, ESIPT is more accessible in the normal enol-form first excited singlet (S1) state, with shorter hydrogen bonds. The intersystem crossing between the S1 state and the triplet (T1) state greatly influences the fluorescence efficiency of PSO and PSS. The potential energy curve and transition state energy profiles of PSS and PSO show that ultrafast ESIPT occurs in the state. Furthermore, the PSS shows less energy barriers, which leads to faster proton transfer than PSO. The current study will advance knowledge of the mechanism behind the ESIPT process and help enhance the qualities of the cyanine dye used in ESIPT.Item EXPLORING QUERCETIN BASED NANO FORMULATION IN COMBATING HUMAN METAPNEUMOVIRUS INFECTIONS(Elsevier B.V, 2025) Veluswamy Bhuvaneshwari; Ramasamy Amsaveni; Department of Biotechnology; Veluswamy BhuvaneshwariHuman Metapneumovirus (hMPV) is a significant respiratory pathogen, particularly affecting children, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals. Despite its clinical impact, there are currently no approved vaccines or specific antiviral treatments for hMPV, necessitating the exploration of novel therapeutic strategies. Quercetin, a naturally occurring flavonoid with well-documented antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiviral properties, has shown promising potential in combating hMPV infections. However, its poor bioavailability limits its therapeutic efficacy. Recent advancements in nanotechnology offer a solution through quercetin-based nanoformulations, which enhance its solubility, stability, and bioavailability, thereby improving its antiviral potency. Molecular docking studies have demonstrated strong interactions between quercetin and the hMPV matrix protein, suggesting its role in inhibiting viral replication. Additionally, quercetin modulates oxidative stress and inflammatory responses by suppressing key pathways such as NF-κB and IRF-3, reducing lung damage associated with hMPV infections. In vitro and in vivo studies indicate that quercetin-loaded nanoparticles effectively decrease viral titers and inflammatory markers. Given its natural origin, safety profile, and therapeutic potential, quercetin-based nanoformulations emerge as a promising candidate for hMPV treatment. Further clinical trials are required to validate their efficacy and optimize formulations for potential clinical application.Item CHITOSAN-BASED INSECTICIDE FORMULATIONS FOR INSECT PEST CONTROL MANAGEMENT: A REVIEW OF CURRENT TRENDS AND CHALLENGES(Elsevier B.V, 2024-09) Kannan, Mohan; Sabariswaran, Kandasamy; Jayakumar, Rajarajeswaran; Thanigaivel, Sundaram; Marko, Bjeljac; Ramya Preethi, Surendran; Abirami Ramu, Ganesan; Department of Biotechnology; Sabariswaran, KandasamyFuture agricultural practices necessitate green alternatives to replace hazardous insecticides while distinguishing between pests and beneficial insects. Chitosan, as a biological macromolecule derived from chitin, is biodegradable and exhibits low toxicity to non-target organisms, making it a sustainable alternative to synthetic pesticides. This review identifies chitosan-derivatives for insecticidal activity and highlights its efficacy including genotoxicity, defense mechanism, and disruption of insect's exoskeleton at different concentrations against several insect pests. Similarly, synergistic effects of chitosan in combination with natural extracts, essential oils, and plant-derived compounds, enhances insecticidal action against various pests was evaluated. The chitosan-based insecticide formulations (CHIF) in the form of emulsions, microcapsules, and nanoparticles showed efficient insecticide action on the targeted pests with less environmental impact. The current challenges associated with the field-trial application were also recognized, by optimizing potent CHIF-formulation parameters, scaling-up process, and regulatory hurdles addressed alongside potential solutions. These findings will provide insight into achieving the EU mission of reducing chemical pesticides by 50 %.Item THE COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW ON 3D PRINTING- PHARMACEUTICAL DRUG DELIVERY AND PERSONALIZED FOOD AND NUTRITION(Elsevier Ltd, 2024-11) Meenakshi, Murugan; Selva Kumar, Ramasamy; Geetha, Venkatesan; Jintae, Lee; Selvaraj, Barathi; Sabariswaran, Kandasamy; Prakash Kumar Sarangi; Department of Biotechnology; Sabariswaran, KandasamyThree-dimensional printing is one of the emerging technologies that is gaining interest from the pharmaceutical industry as it provides an opportunity to customize drugs according to each patient's needs. Combining different active pharmaceutical ingredients, using different geometries, and providing sustained release enhances the effectiveness of medicine. One of the most innovative uses of 3D printing is producing fabrics, medical devices, medical implants, orthoses, and prostheses. This review summarizes the various 3D printing techniques such as stereolithography, inkjet printing, thermal inkjet printing, fused deposition modelling, extrusion printing, semi-solid extrusion printing, selective laser sintering, and hot-melt extrusion. Also, discusses the drug relies profile and its mechanisms, characteristics, and applications of the most common types of 3D printed API formulations and its recent development. Here, Authors also, summarizes the central flow of 3D food printing process and knowledge extension toward personalized nutrition.