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Item THE COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW ON 3D PRINTING- PHARMACEUTICAL DRUG DELIVERY AND PERSONALIZED FOOD AND NUTRITION(Elsevier Ltd, 2024-11) Meenakshi, Murugan; Selva Kumar, Ramasamy; Geetha, Venkatesan; Jintae, Lee; Selvaraj, Barathi; Sabariswaran, Kandasamy; Prakash Kumar Sarangi; Department of Biotechnology; Sabariswaran, KandasamyThree-dimensional printing is one of the emerging technologies that is gaining interest from the pharmaceutical industry as it provides an opportunity to customize drugs according to each patient's needs. Combining different active pharmaceutical ingredients, using different geometries, and providing sustained release enhances the effectiveness of medicine. One of the most innovative uses of 3D printing is producing fabrics, medical devices, medical implants, orthoses, and prostheses. This review summarizes the various 3D printing techniques such as stereolithography, inkjet printing, thermal inkjet printing, fused deposition modelling, extrusion printing, semi-solid extrusion printing, selective laser sintering, and hot-melt extrusion. Also, discusses the drug relies profile and its mechanisms, characteristics, and applications of the most common types of 3D printed API formulations and its recent development. Here, Authors also, summarizes the central flow of 3D food printing process and knowledge extension toward personalized nutrition.Item PRESENT STATUS OF INSECTICIDE IMPACTS AND ECO-FRIENDLY APPROACHES FOR REMEDIATION-A REVIEW(Elsevier Inc, 2024-01) Selvaraj, Barathi; Nadana, Sabapathi; Sabariswaran, Kandasamy; Jintae, Lee; Department of Biotechnology; Sabariswaran, KandasamyInsecticides are indispensable for modern agriculture to ensuring crop protection and optimal yields. However, their excessive use raises concerns regarding their adverse effects on agriculture and the environment. This study examines the impacts of insecticides on agriculture and proposes remediation strategies. Excessive insecticide application can lead to the development of resistance in target insects, necessitating higher concentrations or stronger chemicals, resulting in increased production costs and disruption of natural pest control mechanisms. In addition, non-target organisms, such as beneficial insects and aquatic life, suffer from the unintended consequences of insecticide use, leading to ecosystem imbalances and potential food chain contamination. To address these issues, integrated pest management (IPM) techniques that combine judicious insecticide use with biological control and cultural practices can reduce reliance on chemicals. Developing and implementing selective insecticides with reduced environmental persistence is crucial. Promoting farmer awareness of responsible insecticide use, offering training and resources, and adopting precision farming technologies can minimize overall insecticide usage.Item RECENT TRENDS IN POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS POLLUTION DISTRIBUTION AND COUNTERACTING BIO-REMEDIATION STRATEGIES(Elsevier Ltd, 2023-10) Selvaraj, Barathi; Gitanjali, J; Gandhimathi, Rathinasamy; Nadana, Sabapathi; Aruljothi, K N; Jintae, Lee; Sabariswaran, Kandasamy; Department of Biotechnology; Sabariswaran, KandasamyPolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are distributed worldwide due to long-term anthropogenic pollution sources. PAHs are recalcitrant and highly persistent in the environment due to their inherent properties, such as heterocyclic aromatic ring structures, thermostability, and hydrophobicity. They are highly toxic, carcinogenic, immunotoxic, teratogenic, and mutagenic to various life systems. This review focuses on the unique data of PAH sources, exposure routes, detection techniques, and harmful effects on the environment and human health. This review provides a comprehensive and systematic compilation of eco-friendly biological treatment solutions for PAH remediation, such as microbial remediation approaches utilizing microbial cultures. In situ and Ex situ bioremediation of PAH methods, including composting land farming, biopiles, bioreactors bioaugmentation, and phytoremediation processes, are discussed in detail, as is a summary of the factors affecting and limiting PAH bioremediation. This review provides an overview of emerging technologies that use multi-process combinatorial treatment approaches and answers to generating value-added by-products during PAH remediation.Item MICROBIAL DEGRADATION AND TRANSFORMATION OF PPCPS IN AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT: A REVIEW(Elsevier Ltd, 2023-07) Mathiyazhagan, Narayanan; Sabariswaran, Kandasamy; Jintae, Lee; Selvaraj, Barathi; Department of Biotechnology; Sabariswaran, KandasamyThe Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products (PPCPs) presence at harmful levels has been identified in aquatic ecosystems all over the world. Currently, PPCPs are more common in aquatic regions and have been discovered to be extremely harmful to aquatic creatures. Waste-water treatment facilities are the primary cause of PPCPs pollution in aquatic systems due to their limited treatment as well as the following the release of PPCPs. The degree of PPCPs elimination is primarily determined by the method applied for the remediation. It must be addressed in an eco-friendly manner in order to significantly improve the environmental quality or, at the very least, to prevent the spread as well as effects of toxic pollutants. However, when compared to other methods, environmentally friendly strategies (biological methods) are less expensive and require less energy. Most biological methods under aerobic conditions have been shown to degrade PPCPs effectively. Furthermore, the scientific literature indicates that with the exception of a few extremely hydrophobic substances, biological degradation by microbes is the primary process for the majority of PPCPs compounds. Hence, this review discusses about the optimistic role of microbe concerned in the degradation or transformation of PPCPs into non/less toxic form in the polluted environment. Accordingly, more number of microbial strains has been implicated in the biodegradation/transformation of harmful PPCPs through a process termed as bioremediation and their limitations.